B
Backing A web or other material that supports and reinforces the back of a product such as carpeting or wallpaper.
Bale A compressed and bound package of fibres – a common shipping package for fibres.
Batch A number or an amount of items forming a group i.e. a batch (amount) of fibres.
Basis weight The mass of a unit area of fabric. (MASS PER UNIT AREA) Examples: grams per square meter - ounces per square yard.
Batting A soft bulky assembly of fibres, usually carded. A carded web is sometimes referred to as a batt.
Beater1) The machine that does most of the fibre separation and cleaning in the processes of picking and opening, that occur before the fibre is carded to form a web.
2) A piece of paper making fibre preparation equipment which permits the mechanical treatment of cellulose fibres in water to produce fibrillation.
Bicomponent fibres Fibres consisting of two polymeric compounds arranged in a core-sheath (concentric or eccentric) or a side by side or a matrix or 'islands in the sea' configuration, chosen too ensure one component softens at a sufficiently lower temperature than the other in order to maintain the structural integrity or to create specific characteristics.
Binder An adhesive substance, generally a high polymer in a solid form (powder, film, fibre) or as a foam, or in a liquid form (emulsion, dispersion, solution) used for bonding the constituent elements of a web or enhancing their adhesion, in order to provide the nonwoven fabric cohesion, integrity and/or strength and additional properties.
Binder content The mass of adhesive used to bond the fibres of a web together - usually expressed as percent of the fabric weight.
Binder fibre Generally, thermoplastic fibres used as thermal bonding fibres in conjunction with other fibres with a higher softening point or non-melting fibres. Some binder fibres that may not be thermoplastic can be activated by solvent (e.g. water).
Biodegradable The ability of a substance to be broken down by bacteria so that it can be consumed by the environment.
Biodegradation Conversion of organic compounds to inorganic constituents, naturally occurring gases and biomass, by the action of micro-organisms.
Blend A combination of two or more fibre types in making fabrics.
Bonding Conversion of a fibrous web into a nonwoven by chemical (adhesive/solvent) means or by physical (mechanical or thermal) means. The bonding may be distributed all over (through or area bonding) or restricted to predetermined, discrete sites (point or print bonding).
Bond strength Amount of force needed to delaminate a composite structure or to break the fibre-to-fibre bonds in a nonwoven.
Bleaching Chemical treatment with compounds that release chlorine or oxygen, to increase the whiteness of fibres and fabrics.
Breaking length The length of a strip of fabric or film whose weight is equal to the force needed to break it. It is calculated by dividing the force needed to break by the basis weight.
Buckling To give way or deform under longitudinal pressure.
Bulking Processes that develop greater fullness, volume and crimp in fabrics.
Burning rate The speed at which a fabric burns. This can be expressed as the amount of fabric affected per unit time, or in terms of distance or area travelled by flame, afterglow or char.
Bursting strength The maximum pressure needed to rupture a material. The pressure should be applied to a specified circular area of the test piece of material.
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