D
Defoaming agents
See ANTIFOAMING AGENTS.
Degradation
Deterioration of the aesthetic and functional properties of a product - usually after being exposed for some time to heat, cold, light, or use.
Degree of polymerization
The average number of molecules in a polymer.
Deionised
Normally applied to water from which all 'contaminating ions' have been removed. Ultra pure.
Delustrant
An additive that is used to dull the lustre and to increase the opacity of a fibre or a fabric. The pigment titanium dioxide is often used. The degree of delustering is termed; semi dull, dull, or extra dull, depending on the amount of pigment added.
Denier
The measure of a mass per unit length of a fibre. Denier is numerically equal to the mass in grams of 9000 meters of material. Low numbers indicate fine fibre sizes and high numbers indicate coarse fibres.
Density
Mass per unit volume, i.e. grams/cubic centimetre.
Diaper
Disposable version of a baby's nappy (see also NAPPY).
Die
A system to produce a thin filament of molten polymer in spunlaid and melt blown technology. A small annular orifice for spinning man-made fibres.
Discreet
Unobtrusive.
Dispersion
A distribution of small particles in a medium as in a colloidal suspension of a substance. It also is used to describe the uniform suspension of fibres in water for wet forming.
Disposable
Single or limited use product - becomes waste material after use, which in turn can be recycled, composted, incinerated or disposed of in a landfill.
Doffer
The last cylinder of a card from which the sheet of fibres that has been formed is removed by a comb(doffer comb).
Drape
1) The ability of a fabric to fold on itself and to conform to the shape of the article it covers.
2) Covers used in an operating theatre for both patient and equipment.
Drawing
A process of stretching a filament after it has been formed so as to reduce its diameter. At the same time, the molecules of the filament are oriented, thereby making it stronger. The ratio of the final length to the initial length is called the draw ratio.
Dressing
1) Cover for a wound to prevent infection.
2) Treatment applied to nonwoven to impart specific characteristics (i.e. flame retardancy).
Dry forming(dry laying)
A process for making a nonwoven web from dry fibre. These terms apply to the formation of carded webs, as well as to the air laying formation of random webs.
Drylaid
A web of fibres produced by drylaying.
Drylaid nonwoven
A drylaid web bonded by one or more techniques to provide fabric integrity.
Drying cylinders
Heated revolving cylinders over which the fabric is passed to dry.
Dumbbells
Defects found in wet formed nonwovens, in which a long fibre entangles clumps of regular fibres. Typically, clumps are formed at each end of the long fibre, giving it the appearance of a dumbbell.
Durable
Multiple use product.
Durability
A relative term for the resistance of a material to loss of physical properties or appearance as a result of wear or dynamic operation.
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