非织造材料与工程专业英语词汇（S）——非织造论坛整理发布，第一无纺布网！

非织造材料与工程专业英语词汇（S）——非织造论坛整理发布，第一无纺布网！

S

Saturation bonding
Binding fibres to form a fabric by saturating a web with an adhesive followed by drying and curing.

Scrim
A very open fabric, such as a netting, used as a support or a backing, in a laminate or impregnated in a composite.

Short fibre
Staple fibres less than 15mm long. Typically used in the wetlaid process to make a fabric or as fillers in the absorbent cores of disposable nappies.

Shots
Small particles of unfiberised polymer.

Shrinkange
A reduction in length or width due to the effect of heat, moisture or chemical action.

Slurry
A water or solvent suspension. Examples are titanium dioxide mixed with water for addition to polymers or fibres mixed with water for wet forming.

Slit(to-)
To cut lengthwise.

Sliver
Strip of loosely formed textile fibres after carding.

Smouldering
A slow flameless, smoking burning of a fabric.

Spin finish
A lubricant applied to fibres to reduce friction and static during processing into yarns and fabrics.

Spinning
A process by which filaments or fabrics made from filaments, are generated directly from the molten polymer (see MELT SPINNING). A process by which fibres or filaments are drawn out and twisted together to produce a thread. Intrinsic angular motion.

Spinneret
A disc or screen containing many small holes through which molten polymer is extruded to form filaments.

Spin drawing
Combined spinning and drawing in one operation in melt spun fibres.

Spin laying
Method of forming a web in which a polymeric melt or solution is extruded through spinnerets to form filaments which are laid down on a moving screen.

Spin line
The system in a spunbond operation between the spinneret and the laydown belt

Splinters
Two or more staple fibres adhering together, forming a stiff cluster that resists pulling apart in the normal processing and reacting as a higher decitex fibre.

Spray bonding

Binding fibres to form a fabric by spraying with an adhesive and then calendaring.

Spunlaid
A web produced by the spin laying method.

Spunlaid nonwoven
A spunlaid web bonded by one or more techniques to provide fabric integrity. Note: The hot filaments are still sufficiently molten to adhere to themselves and form bonds at their crossover points. The desired orientation of the filaments in the web is achieved by rotating the spinneret, by the application of electrical charges, by controlled air streams and by the speed of the forming wire. Additional bonding can be achieved by compaction or hot roll calendaring.

Spunlaced fabric
A term used by DuPont to denote a hydroentangled fabric.

Staple fibre
Natural fibres or cut lengths from manmade filaments.

Static (electricity)
An accumulation of electrical charge on the surface of fibres or fabrics due to its inadequate dissipation during processing or during use.

Stiffness
The ability of a fabric to resist bending. It is related to flexural rigidity i.e. to modulus of elasticity and thickness.

Stitchbonding
A technique in which fibres in a web are bonded together by needles acting with or without the use of threads, through the web to give a mechanically bonded fabric. These materials are only classified as stitchbonded nonwovens when they are produced without the use of threads (the MALIVLIES process).

Strain
Elongation, deformation or change in the dimensions of a body as the result of applied stress, expressed either as a relative unit change, or as a percentage.

Stress
An external force applied to a body or internal force per unit cross sectional area resulting from the external force.

Stress-strain curve
Graph showing the amount of deformation obtained as a function of the force applied and the point at which rupture or breakage occurs.

Stretch
The ability of a fabric to grow in length when pulled.

Strike through time
The time taken for a known volume of liquid (e.g. simulated urine) applied to the surface of a test piece of nonwoven coverstock, which is in contact with an underlying standard absorbent pad, to pass through the nonwoven. The 'strike through time' test is only designed to compare strike through times of nonwoven coverstocks. It is not intended to simulate in-use conditions of finished products.

Stippers
In carding clear the workers and return fibre to the main cylinder.

Substrate
Fabric to which coatings or other fabrics are applied.

Superabsorbent
A material that can absorb many times the amount of liquid normally absorbed by cellulosic materials such as cellulose pulp cotton and rayon. Used mostly in granular form, but now available in fibrous form.

Surface charge
Electrical charge on a fibre or a fabric.

Surface energy
The work necessary to increase the surface area of a liquid. Normally expressed in dynes per square centimetre. Dynes are units of work.

Surface tension
Forces acting between the molecules making up the surface of a liquid, causing the surface to contract to a minimum. Since it is a measure of the attraction of a liquid for itself, it can be related to its ability to mix with other liquids or to wet other surfaces.

Surfactant
A chemical additive that changes the surface attraction between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid, by changing the surface energy of one or both components.

Synthetic fibre
A man-made fibre, usually from a molten polymer or a polymer in solution.

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